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• Perspectives
  • A Great Olympic Moment by David Krieger
  • Radioactive Reservations: The Uphill Battle to Keep Nuclear Waste Off Native American Land by Bayley Lopez

• Take Action
  • Stop Funding for Dangerous New Nukes
  • Emergency Campaign to Ban Nuclear Weapons
  • Activism is Patriotism: Reclaim the Spirit of Democracy!
  • Participate in International Week of Protests Against the Militarization of Space
  • Tell Your Story as a Cancer Survivor

• Proliferation
  • US Nukes to Remain in Europe
  • South Korea Says It Enriched Uranium

• Foundation Activities
  • Summer Report 2004
  • September 11th Poetry Reading
  • 21st Annual Evening for Peace

• Resources
  • We Found Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe by Graham Allison
  • Democracy Now! Exclusive Interview with Israeli Nuclear Whistleblower Mordechai Vanunu
  • The Doctors, the Depleted Uranium and the Dying Children
  • Transcend and Transform: An Introduction to Conflict Work by Johan Galtung

• Quotable
  • Senator John Edwards
  • Senator Byron Dorgan
  • Former Senator Richard Lugar
  • Admiral Hyman Rickover
  • Presidential Candidate Senator John Kerry
  • American Bar Association President Robert J. Grey
  • Linda Faulstich

• Editorial Team
  • Luke Brothers
  • David Krieger
  • Carah Ong

A Great Olympic Moment | Top
by David Krieger

The Olympics are always magnificent. They bring the world together. The competition of the talented young athletes demonstrates the power, speed, precision and grace of human achievement and, most of all, the beauty of the human spirit. We are reminded that we are one world, and we are capable of coming together to compete peacefully.

In the Athens Olympics, there was a striking moment that demonstrated the power of the people. It occurred during the men's gymnastic competition. The great Russian Olympian, Alexi Nemov was performing in the individual competition on the high bar. He performed a magnificent routine, releasing from the bar and flying over it four or five times. When he landed at the end of his routine the excitement in the room was palpable. There was a tremendous ovation.

Then the judges' scores came up. They were lower than the crowd in the arena thought was fair, and the people rose to their feet and jeered the scores. Many attempts were made to quiet the crowd in order for the next athlete to compete, but the people would not be silenced. They clearly believed that they had witnessed an injustice, and they were not willing to be silent in the face of this injustice.

At this point one of the senior officials walked to the judges' platform and spoke with two judges who had given particularly low scores. Then the scores were adjusted upward and new scores posted in the arena. But the crowd was still not fully satisfied as the scores remained below the crowd's level of expectation for Nemov's brilliant performance. The people continued to express their dissatisfaction.

Then, Nemov stepped out and faced the crowd. With great humility, he gestured to the crowd to stop their protest and they responded. The arena finally quieted enough for the competition to continue.

Why was this a great moment? Because the people spontaneously arose to protest a perceived injustice. Because the multinational crowd in the arena stood in solidarity with an athlete who they thought had been treated unfairly. Because the people in the arena that day demonstrated that their power was not to be denied. Because they showed the world that they would not be cowed by authorities, in this case the judges, from their own understanding of what is just and fair.

If only we could learn from this great Olympic moment. People matter. Fairness matters. And there are times when it is necessary for people to raise their voices against those in power if individuals are to be protected and fairness is to be upheld.

David Krieger is President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation.

Radioactive Reservations
The Uphill Battle to Keep Nuclear Waste Off Native American Land | Top
by Bayley Lopez

Nuclear waste is not just an issue for those who live near a nuclear reactor or waste site. It is an issue that in time - due to deadly, toxic waste that will remain harmful for thousands of years - will have adverse affects on the entire world. However, the reality within the United States is that one group has been disproportionately affected by waste policies since the inception of the US nuclear program - the Native American population. In the quest to dispose of nuclear waste, the government and private companies have disregarded and broken treaties, blurred the definition of Native American sovereignty, and directly engaged in a form of economic racism akin to bribery.

Click here to read the full article.

Turn the Tide - Stop Funding for Dangerous New Nukes | Top

Representing a major blow to the Bush administration's plans to push forward a radical ramping-up of US nuclear weapons activity, the House of Representatives - in a 470-16 vote - approved a Department of Energy (DoE) spending bill for 2005 that provides "no funds" for "mini-nukes," "bunker-busters," and a modern "pit" facility that would make new plutonium triggers for nuclear weapons. At the same time, the Bill also provides "significant increases for nuclear warhead dismantlement and for security upgrades across the complex."

Unfortunately, the House Energy Appropriations Act conflicts with the Defense Appropriations Bill, which fully funds the Bush administration's requests and has already been signed into law. Eventually, a conference committee will have to reconcile the 2005 budget differences. Write to your Congressional representatives and tell them not to restore the cuts . Tell Congress you support the cuts to funding that would create dangerous new nuclear weapons and urge your representatives to redirect the funding to increased warhead dismantlement and security measures at all the nuclear sites in order to ensure a more secure and far safer environment for US citizens. Click here to send a letter to your congressperson.

In addition, voting for 2005 funding in the Senate Energy and Water Appropriations Subcommittee is now scheduled for 8 September. It is urgent to contact all Senators and tell them you do not support funding for new nukes. In particular, please contact the following Senators on the Energy and Water Appropriations Subcommittee and urge them not to include funding for dangerous new nuclear weapons in 2005 Funding.

Republicans:

• Pete Domenici (NM) - Chairman
• Thad Cochran (MS)
• Robert Bennett (UT)
• Conrad Burns (MT)
• Larry Craig (ID)
• Christopher bond (MO)

Democrats:

• Harry Reid (NV) - Ranking Member
• Robert Byrd (WV)
• Ernest Hollings (SC)
• Patty Murray (WA)
• Byron Dorgan (ND)
• Diane Feinstein (CA)

Click here to send a letter to your Senators.

Click here to visit the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation's Turn the Tide Campaign Action Homepage.

Emergency Campaign to Ban Nuclear Weapons | Top

The Mayors for Peace have launched their 2020 Vision Campaign, an Emergency Campaign to garner support from mayors around the world, to educate citizens and pressure the nuclear weapons states to begin in 2005 and conclude by 2010 negotiations for the verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons by the year 2020. Take action by contacting your Mayor's office and urging your city to join the Mayors for Peace organization. Not sure if your city is already a part of Mayors for Peace? Visit the Mayors for Peace website to find a list of current member cities. Download the 2020 Vision Campaign Packet and initiate actions in your community.

The Mayors for Peace are the recipients of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation's 2004 World Citizenship Award. The Foundation will present the award to Hiroshima Mayor Tadatoshi Akiba on behalf of the Mayors for Peace on 8 October in Hiroshima, Japan. For more information, click here.

Activism is Patriotism Campaign: Reclaim the Spirit of Democracy! | Top

 Nuclear Age Peace Foundation is proud to partner with Circle of Life and other grassroots groups on the Activism is Patriotism campaign. The campaign empowers everyday Americans to make a difference using their MINDS, MONEY, VOICES, and VOTES in this critical election year.

Through major ads in Rolling Stone, Business Week, Newsweek, and Organic Style, a resource-rich companion website, ongoing public service announcements, op-eds, and events through the fall, the campaign will reach over 20 million people, encouraging them to reclaim America's proud legacy of civic activism by getting more involved in our democracy.

Visit the Activism is Patriotism website ( http://www.activismispatriotism.org ) for a cross-section of vital tools and resources to feed your MIND, leverage your MONEY, strengthen your VOICE, and exercise your VOTE for positive change.

The week beginning on 25 September 2004 will witness over 20 protests and events organized in opposition to the militarization of space. Activities held in Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, and across the US will include movie screenings, community forums, conferences, protests and vigils. To learn more and to find an event in your area, visit the website of the Global Network against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space at http://www.space4peace.org/

Tell Your Story as a Cancer Survivor | Top

The National Academy of Sciences is studying issues related to above ground nuclear testing and needs your help. If you are a US citizen and have suffered from thyroid and/or lung cancer, plus nonmalignant respiratory ailments and assorted other cancers please contact Dr. Isaf Al-Nabulsi:

National Board of Radiation
500 5 th Street NW
Washington DC 20001

e-mail: ialnabul@nas.edu
phone: 202-334-2671
fax: 202-334-1639

US Nukes to Remain in Europe | Top

Although the Bush administration plans to cut by nearly half America 's nuclear warhead stockpile under the 2002 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (SORT) with Russia, US nuclear weapons deployed in Europe will remain where they are.

Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen - members of the Natural Resources Defense Council nuclear issues staff - wrote an article in the September/October edition of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, in which they say the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) submitted a classified report to Congress on 1 June outlining the administration's plans to reduce the number of deployed strategic nuclear warheads to no more than 2,200 by 2012.

Details of the NNSA report were not provided to the authors, but Norris and Kristensen used declassified material to estimate that the United States has about 10,350 warheads in its stockpile and plans to cut about 4,300 of them, or 42 percent. Norris and Kristensen also claim that the US has some 480 warheads stored in six countries in Europe, including Turkey . According to Norris and Kristensen, most of them - some 130 - are at Ramstein Air Base, Germany and RAF Lakenheath, England, is home to 110. They said others are stored at Klein Brogel Air Base, Belgium ; Buchel Air Base, Germany ; Aviano Air Base and Ghedi Air Base, Italy ; Volkel Air Base, the Netherlands; and Incirlik Air Base, Turkey.

The US European Command said on 26 August that the locations and numbers of nuclear weapons are classified. However, NATO considers nuclear weapons "an essential political and military link between the European and North American members of the alliance." In other words, despite wishes for their removal, US nuclear weapons are staying in Europe . US Navy Lt. Cmdr. Rick Haupt stated, "The alliance will, therefore, maintain adequate nuclear forces in Europe " and their numbers would be at "the minimum level to maintain peace and stability."

The US has maintained nuclear weapons in western Europe since the 1950s as part of its Cold War strategy to counter the threat of the Soviet Union in eastern Europe. According to reports from various groups, thousands of nuclear warheads were placed in Europe at the height of the Cold War. Treaties with the Former Soviet Union prompted a reduction of weapons even before the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and further reductions have taken place since. The US is the only country to deploy nuclear weapons outside its border.

Sources: Stars and Stripes, 30 August 2004; Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, September/October 2004.

On 2 September, South Korea told the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that government scientists carried out nuclear experiments to enrich uranium four years ago. According to the statement from South Korea , the IAEA is now investigating the disclosure. The statement also said the experiments, which involved producing a minute quantity of uranium using lasers, were carried out by a group of scientists without government knowledge and soon ended. The government confirmed it was committed to only the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

The statement said that the South Korean government learned of the experiments while drawing up its first ever report to the IAEA, submitted this month. The experiments were conducted in January and February 2000 as part of research in producing nuclear fuel in the country. A minute quantity, 0.2 gram, of uranium was successfully enriched. All facilities and the uranium were destroyed immediately after the experiments.

Although some government officials said the experiments did not go as far as enriching uranium, one official stated, " This is enrichment of uranium. Whether it is a violation of IAEA safeguards measures, that's a question for the IAEA inspectors to answer." However, the official said that the experiments clearly did not constitute a violation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) because they were not an attempt to build nuclear weapons.

The revelation could prove embarrassing to South Korea, which is a key member of six-nation talks aimed at ending North Korea 's nuclear weapons ambitions.

Source: Reuters, 2 September 2004.

Russians: Moratorium on Nuclear Tests Must Be Maintained | Top

On the 55 th anniversary of the first nuclear explosion carried out on the former testing ground in Semipalatinsk (now Kazakhstan) signaling the beginning of the nuclear era in the Soviet Union, Interfax reported on 29 August that 81 percent of Russian citizens believe the current moratorium on nuclear testing must be maintained. Conducted by the ROMIR Monitoring Pollster from 12-17 August, the national opinion poll involved 1,500 respondents. Of those polled, o nly 13% said nuclear tests must be resumed, and six percent were undecided.

Additionally, 41% of those polled believe that the nuclear threat has increased over the past ten years, 34% said it has remained at the same level and 19% that the nuclear threat has slightly decreased. Six percent of those surveyed were undecided.

Source: Interfax, 29 August 2004.

Democratic Administration Would Offer Asylum to Foreign Nuclear Whistleblowers | Top

On 30 August, Vice Presidential candidate Senator John Edwards (D-NC) said that if elected to the White House, the Democratic administration would offer asylum to scientists secretly building illegal nuclear weapons in foreign countries. Edwards stated at North Carolina University 's Wilmington campus, "We will send a message to those nuclear scientists: If you want to come clean and expose an illegal weapons program, then we will help you and we will protect you."

Edwards also said that President George W. Bush has not done enough to stop the spread of weapons of mass destruction. "We will bring the world together to end the nuclear weapons programs in states like North Korea and Iran ," he said. Edwards claimed, "The administration has stood on the sidelines while they advanced their nuclear programs."

In an interview with the Washington Post on the same day, Edwards said Presidential Candidate Senator John Kerry (D-MA) would also offer Iran a deal allowing it to keep its nuclear power plants if it gave up the right to retain bomb-making nuclear fuel. Edwards told The Washington Post if Iran did not accept this "great bargain," it would confirm the Islamic state was building nuclear weapons under cover of a nuclear power initiative. Edwards stated, "If we are engaging with Iranians in an effort to reach this great bargain and if in fact this is a bluff that they are trying to develop nuclear weapons capability, then we know that our European friends will stand with us. At the end of the day, we have to have some serious negotiating leverage in this discussion with the Iranians." Such an offer to Iran would signal a shift in US diplomatic relations with Iran , which were severed after the 1979 revolution. President George W. Bush included Iran in his "axis of evil" along with North Korea and Iraq.

Source: Agence France-Presse, 30 August 2004; The Washington Post, 30 August 2004.

The Bush administration is clashing with Republicans in Congress over a compensation program for workers at nuclear facilities sickened by exposure to radiation, asbestos, and other toxic substances. As of July 2004, the Department of Energy (DoE) had only paid out some $700,000 of the $95 million it has received since the program was created, to only 31 of the roughly 25,000 claims filed. According to Terrie Barrie of Craig , Colorado whose husband was sickened while working at the former Rocky Flats plant near Denver , "These people are sick and dying. The administration, the Department of Energy, is just refusing to listen."

The sick workers are simply seeking what is due them. Senate Republicans who feel they have a responsibility to their constituents, including majority leader Bill Frist (R-TN), Pete Domenici (R-NM), Ted Stevens (R-AK), and Charles Grassley (R-IA), have ushered through an amendment to the Senate defense bill that would overhaul the program that has been bogged down by delays and other problems and put responsibility for compensation directly with the Department of Labor rather than with DoE contractors. The bill would also require the government to perform environmental studies at each of the facilities. The Senators say their bill does not add new benefits, but would ensure that more workers eligible for compensation get it. The amendment is not included in a House-passed version and the Senators are trying to persuade House members to include the changes in the final bill, but their efforts have been opposed by the Bush administration.

The White House's opposition to the amendment has bewildered Republican members in Congress, many of whom are up for election this year in key battleground states. Senator Lamar Alexander (R-TN) stated, "These are our Cold War veterans. They were working in an environment that they thought was safe. It wasn't safe."

Harry Lee Williams of Knoxville , a disabled former Oak Ridge security worker who has multiple diseases and battled the DoE for years for compensation, stated, "DOE has set up a bureaucracy that Jesus Christ couldn't walk through. Sick people can't handle that."

Source: Associated Press, 31 Aug 2004.

Seattle Study of Chernobyl Finds First Direct Thyroid Cancer Link | Top

Dr. Scott Davis, an epidemiologist at the Seattle-based Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , led a team of researchers in performing an analysis of thyroid cancer rates among Ukrainians who lived and worked near the site of Chernobyl , the world's worst nuclear accident. In a report published in the September issue of Radiation Research, the scientists reveal the first direct link between thyroid cancer risk and individual radiation exposures. Dr. Scott Davis stated, "Before Chernobyl, we almost never saw thyroid cancer in children."

Although other estimates are higher, according to official Ukrainian government numbers, the Chernobyl explosion killed 31 people immediately and exposed millions to radiation. Though it was known that cancer rates were higher in the region after the accident, no studies were conducted showing a direct correlation between the amount of radiation exposure and an individual's risk of cancer.

Dr. Davis and his colleagues focused their attention on the isotope iodine-131 as it can be tracked most easily because of the specific kind of the cancer it causes. Iodine-131 is one of the primary radioactive isotopes emitted as airborne waste from nuclear plants, and it tends to concentrate in milk or certain other foods.

The study in Chernobyl was launched in 1992, after the fall of the Soviet Union . Working with local physicians, the Seattle scientists identified 26 people under 20 years old who had thyroid cancer. Comparing them with 52 healthy people who lived in the same region, the Hutch team collected extensive information about diet, lifestyle and other factors to estimate their likely exposure to I-131. After reconstructing exposures, Davis and his team found that the incidence of thyroid cancer was 45 times greater among those who had received the highest dose of I-131.

Source: Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 2 September 2004.

Hanford Reaches Milestone in Cleanup of Liquid Waste Tanks | Top

On 23 August, workers at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation celebrated the completion of a project to remove millions of gallons of liquid radioactive waste from old, leak-prone tanks. State and federal officials called the achievement a major milestone in the decades-long cleanup of Hanford .

For 40 years, the Hanford reservation made plutonium for the nation's nuclear weapons. Today, work there centers on a $50 billion to $60 billion cleanup, scheduled to be finished by 2035. Much of the cleanup involves retrieving and treating 53 million gallons of highly radioactive waste from plutonium production. The liquid, sludge and salt cake sit in 177 aging underground tanks.

Most critical was the liquid waste in 149 tanks that had a single-wall construction, making them more susceptible to leaks as they age. The single-shell tanks, built between the 1940s through the 1960s, were designed to last only about 20 years. About 67 of the tanks leaked radioactive brew into the soil, contaminating the aquifer and threatening the Columbia River less than 10 miles away.

Five years ago, Washington state complained about the slow pace of the tank cleanup. The state and the Department of Energy (DoE) then agreed to a court-enforced timetable for removing waste from the 29 remaining tanks, and more than 3 million gallons of liquid waste was pumped out of the tanks and transferred to newer, safer doubled-walled tanks. The deadline for transferring the waste was September 30.

According to Mike Wilson, manager of the nuclear waste program for the state Department of Ecology, liquid waste remains in just two of the single-shell tanks that were considered less critical. Plans call for both liquid and solid waste in those tanks to be removed simultaneously.

Workers have removed 90 percent of the waste from S112, one of the two tanks. Work on the second tank, S102, could begin in the next month.

The focus at Hanford will now shift to removing the solid waste from the tanks. The DoE is required to have all the wastes removed from the single-walled tanks by 2018.

Once removed from the tanks, tank waste will be turned into glass logs, in a process called vitrification, for long-term disposal.

Source: AP, 24 August 2004.

Another Weapons Center Can't Account for Secret Data | Top

On 19 August, US government officials said they can't account for three copies of a classified document at the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) Service Center in Albuquerque , New Mexico . The officials stopped short of calling the copies "missing" and described the problem as "an accounting discrepancy" instead. However, the officials did say that the FBI has been called in. Officials would not say what the document contained or how long the "accounting discrepancy" had existed. The NNSA Service Center , located on Kirtland Air Force Base, provides business services for the US nuclear weapons complex, including purchasing, human resources and contract management.

According to NNSA spokesman Bryan Wilkes, the problem was discovered during a nationwide audit of classified materials ordered by Department of Energy (DoE) Secretary Spencer Abraham that was triggered by a similar case at Los Alamos National Laboratory in July. NNSA administrator Linton Brooks, said in a statement, "I am disappointed that we have found another case of lax procedures in protecting classified information."

On 26 August, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson said he thinks Congress should dismantle the National Nuclear Security Administration for not doing its job and for being an extra layer of bureaucracy. In a speech at an event sponsored by the Los Alamos Chamber of Commerce and Honeywell, Richardson stated, "I would get rid of it." Richardson also said the University of California should continue to run Los Alamos National Laboratory, but with a private business partner and in close association with the state's universities.

Source: Albuquerque Journal, 20 and 26 August 2004.

Rethinking the Los Alamos Bid | Top

According to Lee Peddicord, vice chancellor for research and federal relations for the Texas A&M University System, the system has cooled its interest in managing Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) after defense contractor Lockheed Martin Corp. abandoned its proposal to run the facility. Peddicord said Lockheed Martin's exit from the competition signals that managing the troubled laboratory could prove challenging. Peddicord stated, "It's a clear message that one needs to think carefully about this. I wouldn't say we've lost interest, but it has made us more deliberate in our approach." The University of Texas System also has bowed out of the competition.

Requests for management proposals soon will be sent to companies and universities that have expressed interest. According to Peddicord, the A&M System will scrutinize the proposal before it decides whether to bid and A&M most likely would enter into a partnership with corporations if it were to make a bid on Los Alamos .

While the A&M System's plans for Los Alamos are undetermined, the system will continue with its bid to operate the new Idaho National Laboratory. System representatives met with federal officials last month and presented their case to run the Idaho lab, which is expected to develop the next generation of nuclear reactors.

Since the Manhattan Project, the University of California has been the default contractor to manage the nation's primary nuclear weapons laboratories - Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) - under a contract with the US Department of Energy (DoE). Since at least the late 1970s, the labs have had serious problems ranging from the loss of thousands of classified documents, to cost overruns in the hundreds of millions of dollars, to the hiring of inadequate security guards.

In August, the DoE released an audit by Gregory Friedman, the DoE's inspector general, stating that a decade-old program to secure plutonium and other fissionable material at LANL is years behind schedule, increasing the likelihood of accidents and workers' exposure to radiation. The program to "stabilize" fissionable material, including plutonium, was supposed to have been finished two years ago. But it now is targeted for completion in 2010, with its expected cost ballooning to at least $183 million, or 75 percent more than the original price tag. According to the audit, the delays and failures to meet milestones outlined for the program have increased "the possibility that containers (of vulnerable radioactive materials) could leak and workers could be exposed to radiation resulting in serious health consequences."

Source: The Bryan-College Station Eagle, 1 September 2004; AP, 19 August 2004.

Nagasaki Mayor Urges US to Scrap "Mini-Nukes" | Top

Marking the 59 th Anniversary of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki , Mayor Icho Itoh warned on 9 August that the new nuclear weapons the US wants to develop would cause as much radiation contamination as the bomb dropped on Nagasaki . Mayor Itoh said in a nationally broadcast speech before thousands gathered in the city's Peace Park , "The 'mini-nukes' that the US is trying to develop possess terrible power, despite their smaller size. The radiation destruction they would cause is no different from that of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki ."

Mayor Itoh urged the US to get rid of its nuclear arsenal. He stated, "It's clear that as long as the world's most powerful country continues to rely on nuclear weapons, other countries can't pursue nuclear non-proliferation. If humankind is to survive the only path left for us is the abolition of nuclear weapons."

Mayor Itoh urged Americans to face the "terrifying reality" that the bomb's victims have lived with since the attack. This year, Nagasaki added 2,707 people to a list of those who have died from aftereffects, putting the total number of the city's victims of the atomic bombing at 134,592.

On 9 August, Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi also reiterated Japan 's policy banning the production, possession and transport of nuclear weapons within its borders. He also vowed to continue pressing for more nations to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), which would ban nuclear weapons testing and make developing new weapons almost impossible.

Source: AP Tokyo, 10 August 2004.

Preventing an Arms Race in Outer Space | Top

On 26 August, China called for international consensus and a legally-binding agreement on preventing an arms race in outer space. At the United Nations Conference on Disarmament, China 's Ambassador for Disarmament Affairs, Hu Xiaodi, told delegates, "In our view, the priority concern is to further consolidate an international consensus on prevention of weaponization and an arms race in outer space in the form of a legal commitment or a legal instrument."

Russian Ambassador Skotnikov underlined "that today and for the near future the Russian Federation has no plans to" place weapons in space. However, Ambassador Skotnikov said that the "emergence" of other States' weapons in outer space could "drastically change" Russia 's current plans for "further deep reductions in nuclear and missile weapons."

Ambassador Hu introduced two informal papers - initiated jointly by China and Russia - outlining many countries' concerns over the lack of definitions and verification of arms in outer space and concluding that verification will be highly difficult in terms of cost and technology. The papers also conclude that existing treaties have failed to effectively prevent the testing, deployment and use of weapons, other than those of mass destruction, in outer space. In addition to the two papers entitled, "Verification Aspects of PAROS" and "Existing International Legal Instruments and the Prevention of the Weaponization of Outer Space," China and Russia plan on preparing one other non-paper on "Definitions in the Legal Instrument of PAROS."

All statements on PAROS from the Conference on Disarmament are available online at: http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/political/cd/speeches04/index.html.

Source: Xinhua News Agency, 27 August 2004; Reaching Critical Will, 27 August 2004.

Russia Sends Troops to Guard Nuclear Sites | Top

On 1 September 2004, Minatom , Russia 's nuclear energy agency, announced that Russia has deployed extra troops to guard dozens of nuclear facilities across the country. The announcement came after militants seized a school in the south near Chechnya taking hostage some 150 people and a suicide bomb attack in Moscow which killed at least nine people. A Minatom spokesman stated, "After the latest terrorist attacks security services decided to send more interior ministry troops to all nuclear sites across the country." The spokesman would not say how many additional troops have been deployed.

Russia , the world's second atomic power after the US, has come under international pressure to do more to protect its Soviet-era nuclear facilities against attack. Russia runs dozens of atomic reactors, uranium enrichment facilities and nuclear research reactors, some of which are in the far-flung corners of Siberia and are poorly guarded. Reactors are also attractive to militants because atomic fuel stored at many sites can be used in nuclear bombs.

Source: Reuters, 1 September 2004.

India Test Fires Nuclear-Capable Missile | Top

On 29 August, India test-fired an Agni II surface-to-surface missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads. This was the third test of the missile, which has a range of up to 1,560 miles. The two previous tests were conducted in April 1999 and January 2001. According to the Indian Defense Ministry, the missile can carry conventional and nuclear warheads weighing a little more than one ton.

B.S. Menon, an Indian Defense Ministry official, said that Indian authorities had informed their counterparts in Pakistan about the test ahead of the missile launch. According to Menon, Indian Defense Minister Pranab Mukherjee and over 100 scientists and military officials were on hand to witness the test launch.

India 's missile arsenal also includes the Prithvi, a short-range ballistic missile; Akash, a medium-range missile; Nag, an anti-tank missile; and the supersonic Brahmos missile.

Source: AP, 29 August 2004.

North Korea Developing Delivery Systems | Top

Jane's Defense Weekly released a report in August stating that North Korea is developing ballistic missiles from decommissioned Soviet hardware and capable of hitting the US. The report suggested North Korea has modified technology used in old Soviet submarines, based on the R-21 and R-27 missile systems, to construct both land- and sea-based ballistic missile systems capable of carrying nuclear warheads. A sea-based missile system would enable North Korea to threaten mainland US for the first time. It would also place the nation alongside the US , UK , France , China and Russia as the countries that have such a strategic threat. According to the Jane's report, North Korea is developing a land-based system with a range of up to 4000 km and a sea-based system with range of 2500 km.

North Korea is also currently developing another missile system named Taepodong. In 1998, it tested a Taepodong-1 rocket by firing it over Japan and in January 2003, the director of the CIA warned that the second generation missile, Taepodong-2, could feasibly reach the US . However, these missiles remain at an early stage of development and testing. Modifying older Soviet missile technology could provide a short cut to greater missile capabilities.

The report said that North Korea obtained designs and components for R-27 missile system in the early 1990s. The single-stage liquid-fuel missiles are 9.6 meters in length and 1.5 meters in diameter. According to the report, military personnel with expertise in constructing R-27s also traveled to North Korea during the same period.

Furthermore, the report said that North Korea obtained missile hardware from 12 decommissioned Foxtrot-class and Gold-II class Soviet submarines it bought. These submarines included launch tubes and stabilizing systems from the Soviet R-21 ballistic missile systems.

Bhupendra Jasani, at the Department of War Studies at Kings College London in the UK , notes two cautionary points. First, the rockets use liquid fuel, meaning they could not be safely kept ready for deployment. Second, there is little hard evidence that North Korea has developed or tested nuclear warheads that could be fitted to such missiles.

China, Japan , Russia, South Korea and the US are working with North Korea to negotiate an agreement to end the country's nuclear programs. A fourth round of talks is due to start before the end of September.

Sources: Jane's Defense Weekly, 4 August 2004; NewScientist.com, 4 August 2004; AP, 5 August 2004.

Japan's Worst Nuclear Incident since 1945 Bombing of Nagasaki | Top

On 9 August 2004, the 59 th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki , five engineers were killed and at least seven injured, during an accident at the Mihama nuclear reactor in Fukui Prefecture , Japan . The accident is Japan 's worst nuclear incident since the 1945 bombing of Nagasaki . The engineers were killed when a pipe carrying superheated steam ruptured, releasing high-temperature steam into the turbine building. There were 104 people in the turbine building at the moment of the incident. The pipe had not been inspected since the reactor was first started in 1976. Officials claim no radiation was released.

The Fukui Prefectural Government requested on 13 August 2004 that the Kansai Electric Power Company (Kepco) shutdown all 11 of their nuclear power plants for inspection. Subsequently, Kepco decided to shut down all of its operational nuclear reactors.

Japan has 52 nuclear reactors, which generate over 45,000 megawatts of electricity, behind only to the US and France as the largest producers of nuclear power in the world. Kepco is Japan 's second largest utility company, accounting for 18% of total power sold in Japan .

Japan 's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) revealed on 19 August 2004 that similar accidents have recently occurred, albeit without fatalities, at nuclear reactor sites across Japan . Before the accident, public confidence in the nuclear energy industry was already low. Just two years ago, Japan's largest public utility, and the worlds biggest privately owned electric utility, Tokyo Electric Power Company was forced to temporarily close all 17 of its nuclear reactors when it was discovered that safety records had been tampered.

Also on 9 August, there was another nuclear accident at Shimane nuclear power plant where a fire broke out in the laundry room of the low-level radioactive waste management facility around 7:30 p.m. The fire was reportedly extinguished in 15 minutes. According to the Chugoku Electric Power Company that runs the plant, no radiation escaped into the environment.

And, if two accidents on the anniversary of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki weren't enough, a third incident occurred at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. According to the Tokyo Electric Power Co., a reactor at the second unit shut down due to a water leak.

Japan isn't the only nation with aged and poorly maintained nuclear reactors. Environmentalists seized the opportunity following the Japanese accident to bring attention to those nuclear reactors across the planet that, like many Japanese reactors, are neglected and a danger to the public.

However, the head of the Peruvian Institute of Nuclear Energy struck a reassuring note about nuclear energy when he announced during the week of 9 August that two stolen nuclear measuring devices from Peru probably don't contain enough radioactive material to make a dirty bomb.

Sources: GRIST Magazine, 10 August 2004; Japan Times, 19, 20 August 2004; Aljazeera, August 21, 2004; Reuters, 25 August 2004.

Yucca Mountain : 10,000 Years Not Enough | Top

The fight over a US nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain , Nevada , reached an important milestone during July and August 2004. A federal appeals court ruled in Nevada 's favor that nuclear waste disposal standards developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) "consciously and outrightly" violates section 801(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992.

The EPA was caught red-handed, "unabashedly" rejecting the National Academy of Sciences' (NAS) recommendations. Section 801(a) of the Energy and Policy Act requires the EPA to set safety standards for disposal of nuclear waste "based upon and consistent with the findings and recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences."

NAS recommendations call for a nuclear waste repository capable of limiting the presence of radionuclides within the perimeter of the Yucca site for one million years. EPA standards call for a period of just 10,000 years. The NAS believes there is no rationale for protecting the public for just 10,000 years when the greatest danger from the waste might be hundreds of thousands of years into the future.

Instead of challenging the 9 July ruling, the EPA is pushing Congress to amend the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to allow for standards that deviate from NAS recommendations. Department of Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham stated, the "DoE will be working with the EPA and Congress to determine appropriate steps to address this issue."

A rejection of safety recommendations from NAS in the form of an amended Energy Policy Act will only underline that overall decision-making for the Yucca Mountain project is based on expedience and not on sound science.

Meanwhile, pressure is rising around the issue of what to do with all the nuclear waste at various sites across the US . In the 1980s, the US government signed agreements with several power companies, promising to take nuclear waste off their hands beginning in 1998 and put it at Yucca Mountain .

On 10 August, the federal government agreed to pay some $300 million to the Exelon Corporation to settle a lawsuit over the delayed waste removal. If the settlement sets a precedent, the DoE could end up paying billions of dollars to more than 60 energy companies, another reason why the DoE favors opening Yucca Mountain as soon as possible.

On the political front, Presidential Candidate Senator John Kerry (D-MA) made a campaign stop in Nevada in August and pledged that "with John Kerry as president, there is going to be no nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain - period." In the 2000 election, President George W. Bush promised Nevada residents that he would make a decision on the waste site based on "sound science."

Source: Las Vegas Review Journal, 8 July, 23, 24 August 2004; Capitol Reports, 14 July 2004; Pahrump Valley Times, 4 August 2004; New York Times, 10 and 23 August 2004; Nuclear Energy Institute, Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency.

How Safe is the Transatlantic Plutonium Conversion Project? | Top

During September 2004, the US Department of Energy (DoE) will ship 140 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium to France , where the plutonium will be converted into mixed-oxide fuel (MOX) then shipped back to the US for use in a commercial energy reactor. The conversion of weapons-grade plutonium is a joint nonproliferation project developed in 1998 between the US and Russia . Under the project, nearly 70 tons of weapon-grade plutonium will be converted into fuel for commercial reactors.

The 140 kilograms of plutonium will be shipped by truck from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico , to a US Navy port in Charleston South Carolina . The plutonium will then be loaded onto two British vessels and guarded by British Troops during the voyage to Cherbourg France . Once the shipment arrives in Cherbourg , the plutonium will be transported on land to a reprocessing facility operated by France 's Areva. Once the plutonium is converted to MOX it will be shipped back to the US for use in Duke Power's Catawba nuclear reactor. Should everything operate according to plan this time around, Areva will construct a plutonium reprocessing facility in the US , giving the DoE the ability to convert plutonium domestically.

US lawmakers have demanded that security throughout the plutonium shipment meet high quality defense standards. Lawmakers have placed emphasis upon France 's capabilities to safeguard US plutonium; especially since France 's nuclear industry has traditionally been unreliable in its adherence to international safety standards. Electricité de France (EDF), the state-owned energy provider that supplies 85.7% of France 's electricity and operates 58 nuclear reactors, is giving the French industry a bad name. Allegations were made against EDF that the state-owned company did not vigorously follow safety standards. The Nuclear Safety Authority, an arm of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) based in France , acknowledged on 26 August 2004 that EDF does not have completely formalized plans for dealing with some hypothetical accidents.

US Representative Jim Turner (D-Texas), ranking member on the House Select Committee on Homeland Security has raised concerns about terrorists seizing the plutonium during transport. Turner said in a 12 August 2004 letter to US DoE Secretary Spencer Abraham, "The consequences of the theft of this plutonium - enough for over 20 nuclear weapons - would be catastrophic."

Turner is not the only US official to publicly raise security concerns. On 26 August 2004, Representative Edward Markey (D-Massachusetts), a member of the Homeland Security Committee, said in letter to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Homeland Security Department, "It appears to me that an attack on the American plutonium that will soon be shipped to France would not pose much of a challenge, since publicly available materials suggest the trucks previously have been very easily identified, followed and filmed while traveling along highways in France, and were only lightly guarded."

Sources: Global Security Newswire, 10 May, 14 June, 27 August 2004; Associated Press, 25 August 2004; Agence France-Presse, 26 August 2004.

Iran: the Next Iraq? | Top

On 1 September, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released a new report stating that i ts inspectors have not found any evidence to support US accusations that Iran has a secret nuclear weapons program. Nevertheless, US Secretary of State Colin Powell said the United Nations (UN) should take punitive action against Iran . Powell stated, "We still believe that the Iranians are not fessing up to everything. They still have a program that, in our judgment, is a nuclear program designed to develop ultimately a nuclear weapon." However, it appears unlikely that the Bush administration will find support among the IAEA's 35-member body to refer the matter to the UN Security Council this month to consider imposing sanctions against Iran .

The US has accused Iran of secretly developing a nuclear weapons program under cover of a civilian nuclear energy program. Iran says its ambitions are limited to the peaceful generation of electricity.

Although highly-enriched uranium (HEU) contamination had been found at the Kalaye Electric Company and at the Natanz sites in Iran , the IAEA report stated, "It appears plausible that the HEU contamination found at those locations may not have resulted from enrichment of uranium by Iran ." The IAEA report also cites "very good cooperation" by Iran with UN weapons inspectors in allowing them access to suspected nuclear sites. According to a Western diplomat, enrichment facilities at Natanz are still "under seal" and UN inspectors continue to monitor them.

The IAEA is still probing the origin of traces of enriched uranium found at Iranian sites and the purpose of its interest in advanced P2 centrifuges, which can produce bomb-grade uranium. Iran claims the traces of enriched uranium were caused by contamination from components bought on the black market. The country also claims its work on P2 centrifuges, which can be used to make bomb-grade fuel, has not gone further than preliminary stages.

Several Western diplomats said that while the IAEA investigation of Iran 's nuclear program was proceeding relatively smoothly, with inspectors getting access to sites in the country, there were serious concerns about Iran 's refusal to fully suspend its uranium enrichment program.

One diplomat said that a round of talks with France , Germany and the UK in Paris last month was a "total failure" and ended with Iran insisting on its sovereign right to enrich uranium. The country promised not to enrich any uranium for the time being but said it would continue making, assembling and testing centrifuges used in the enrichment process - despite previously having agreed to suspend all enrichment-related activities. The Europeans warned Iran that normal trade relations with the EU would not be possible if Iran maintained the capacity to develop weapons-grade uranium and plutonium.

Shahram Chubin, Director of Research at the Geneva Center for Security Policy, stated, "I think that the European countries, by and large, don't share the Americans' belief that Iran is determined to get nuclear weapons. They think there's still time, [and] that Iran hasn't made yet a definite decision. And therefore they're not convinced that the only way to deal with Iran is by confronting it."

The IAEA's board of governors is due to open a meeting to discuss Iran on 13 September.

Source: Reuters, 25 August 2004; Radio Free Europe , 2 September 2004; AlJazeera, 2 September 2004.

On 11 August, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two drugs to treat people who are exposed to plutonium, americium or curium, opening the way for mass distribution of the drugs. Acting FDA Commissioner Lester Crawford stated, "The approval of these two drugs is another example of FDA's readiness and commitment to protecting Americans against all terrorist threats."

According to FDA officials, the action means the injectable drugs would be available by prescription - presumably for anyone who wanted them even before an attack took place. Both drugs - penetrate calcium trisodium injection (Ca-DTPA) and penetrate zinc trisodium injection (Zn-DTPA) - have been available for decades for use in contamination emergencies. The FDA considered the two drugs, made by Germany 's Hameln Pharmaceuticals GmBH, investigational prior to the approval, which limited the amount available.

In September 2003 the agency announced the medicines could safely decontaminate patients with certain kinds of radiation exposure and encouraged companies to step forward to make them. The FDA approval will push forward the manufacturing of both drugs. In turn this could help make the drug easier to get by allowing the government to stockpile it or for a patient to get it through a prescription - even before the contamination occurred.

  Source: Reuters, 11 August 2004.

Summer Report 2004 | Top

The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation has had a full summer! Our staff has been waging peace with many speaking engagements and outreach opportunities across the US, Europe and in Libya. We also launched our Turn the Tide Campaign and made strides in our UC Nuclear Free Campaign. We want to share some of our accomplishments with you. Click here to read a Special Message from Our President.

September 11 th Poetry Reading | Top

The International Day of Poetry was initiated by Poets Against the War calling upon poets from around the world to remember the innocent victims of the World Trade Center and Pentagon, as well as the innocent victims who died in Afghanistan and Iraq because of the US response to the events of September 11 th . The International Day of Poetry will also remember the innocent victims of the US-sponsored over-throwing of the Allende government in Chile and of the lives lost in the Attica prison riots, also events that happened on a September 11th in their respective years.

As part of the International Day of Poetry commemorating September 11 th , the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation will host a poetry reading featuring local poets who will be reading original works as well as poems by other leading poets on Saturday, September 11 th , 2004 from 3:00 to 5:00 pm in the Faulkner Gallery at the Santa Barbara Public Library. The event is free and open to the public.

Local poets participating in the poetry reading in Santa Barbara , local poets include: Mary Rose Betten, Chella Courington, Lacy David, Marsha De L'O, Walt Hopmans, Alex Jestrab, Ellen Kelly, Christine Kravetz, David Krieger , Peter Lackner, Betty LoMele, Perie Longo, Pamela Rippey, Barry Spacks, David Starkey, Phil Taggert and Victoria White. Sudama ( Mark Kennedy ) will also play original composition on the Shakuhachi.

Copies of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation's poetry anthology, The Poetry of Peace, that includes the winning poems in the Foundation's Barbara Mandigo Kelly Peace Poetry Awards, will be available for purchase.

For more information about the Poets Against the War, visit http://www.poetsagainstthewar.org More information on the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and the Barbara Mandigo Kelly Peace Poetry Awards can be found at http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/programs/awards-&-contests/bmk-contest/index.htm.

21st Annual Evening for Peace
Broadcasting Peace: A Conversation with Walter Cronkite | Top

The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation is pleased to announce its 21 st Annual Evening for Peace, Broadcasting Peace: A Conversation with Walter Cronkite . The event will take place on Saturday, 23 October 2004 from 6:00 pm until 10:00 pm in Santa Barbara , California .

The Foundation is pleased to honor Walter Cronkite with the 2004 Distinguished Peace Leader Award for his consistent journalistic integrity and courage in addressing the crucial issues of our time. He has been a noted voice of conscience, and his views have weighed heavily on the scales of peace and justice.

Sam Donaldson will interview Cronkite live at the event. Donaldson is a 35-year news veteran, having served two appointments as chief White House correspondent and as anchor for ABC News.

For more information, please call the Foundation at (805) 965-3443.

We Found the Weapons of Mass Destruction | Top

The Friends Committee on National Legislation (FCNL) has created "We Found the Weapons of Mass Destruction" a webpage that details the location and inventories of chemical and nuclear weapons facilities within the US . Today, the US nuclear stockpile consists of some 7,000 operational nuclear warheads, including 5,886 strategic and 1,120 non-strategic warheads. About 3,000 additional warheads are held in reserve, including a few hundred slated for dismantlement. Not to be forgotten are the 150 nuclear bombs NATO officially claims to have stored at nine airbases in six European NATO countries, excluded from the FCNL resource.

Visit the FCNL webpage at: http://www.fcnl.org/issues/arm/weapons_map.htm

In his latest work, Graham Allison offers a blueprint for US nuclear security. He argues that a nuclear attack by terrorists can only be prevented if the US buys up the world's loose fissile material, negotiates an end to North Korea and Iran 's nuclear weapons programs, and restructures the International Atomic Energy Agency.

For more information on Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe by Graham Allison, visit: http://bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/publication.cfm?ctype=book&item_id=391

On 18 August 2004, Democracy Now! broadcast an exclusive hour long interview with Israeli nuclear whistleblower Mordechai Vanunu. Since his release from an 18 year prison sentence, Vanunu has faced restrictions placed on him by the Israeli government. Vanunu is not allowed to leave the country, he must register wherever he goes in Israel and he is not allowed to speak with foreigners. Despite these restrictions Vanunu agreed to an interview with Democracy Now!

You can read the transcript of the interview or listen to the show at: http://www.democracynow.org/static/vanunu.shtml

The Doctors, the Depleted Uranium, and the Dying Children is a documentary that exposes the use and impact of depleted uranium weapons during US Operation Iraqi Freedom. Environmental samples collected in September 2003 by the Uranium Medical Research Center reveal widespread radioactive contamination from weapons used during the invasion. Alarmingly, the documentary reveals that a new class of uranium weapons was employed during the war.

To learn more about the documentary and to order a VHS copy, visit: http://www.traprockpeace.org/depleted_uranium_iraq.html

Transcend and Transform: An Introduction to Conflict Work by Johan Galtung | Top

The best way to avoid nuclear war is to prevent war itself, through creative conflict transformation. This highly readable book presents a carefully developed theoretical framework, the TRANSCEND approach, and illustrates it with numerous concrete cases based on decades of experience, ranging from the personal to the global level. It helps us take a quantum jump in gaining skills to find creative solutions to conflicts at every level. Transcend and Transform: An Introduction to Conflict Work by Johan Galtung is available from Pluto Press. For more information or to purchase a copy, please visit http://www.plutobooks.com ISBN 0-7453-2254-9, ix + 189 pages.

"I believe that one of the messages Kubrick was trying to send was that putting this kind of power and this potential holocaust in the hands of human beings, no matter who they are, is an extraordinarily dangerous thing."

- Senator John Edwards (D-NC)
speaking on Stanley Kubrick's 1964 Cold war classic "Dr. Strangelove: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb." Edwards was approached by Turner Classic Movies and asked to introduce a film of his choice during the premier of Party, Politics & The Movies, a television series airing on TCM in October.

"If you had a threat meter the likelihood of a terrorist group or a rogue country getting an intercontinental ballistic missile and putting a nuclear warhead on its tip is probably the least likely threat to this country."

-Senator Byron Dorgan (D-ND)
urging the Bush administration to ease its push for deploying missile defenses
16 August 2004.

"The war on terrorism proceeds in a world awash with nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and materials.The minimum standard for victory in this war is the prevention of any terrorist cell from obtaining weapons or materials of mass destruction."

-Former Senator Richard Lugar
11 August 2004

"Now, when we go back to using nuclear power, we are creating something that nature tried to destroy to make life possible."

-Admiral Hyman Rickover
the father of the Nuclear Navy. Quoted from The Nuclear Fix , by Thijs De La Court , Deborah Pick, & Daniel Nordquist, WISE, page 1, 1982.

  "I believe in pursuing and researching and developing missile defense. I've supported missile defense research. I don't believe in rapid deployment of a system that hasn't been adequately tested. I will continue missile defense research. I will continue missile defense work, because it's important for the country."

-Presidential Candidate Senator John Kerry (D-MA)
on the campaign trail, 9 August 2004

"Our moral authority is weakened when it appears that the US has a disregard for international agreements. If our nation appears to circumvent these obligations when it appears to be politically or militarily convenient, then we debase the very value that we have sacrificed so much to defend - the value of the rule of law. Our government must not seek clever ways to evade these agreements."

-American Bar Association President Robert J. Grey
during remarks prepared for delivery to the Commonwealth Club of San Francisco
25 August 2004

"My son was a beautiful young man. Everybody speaks about his smile. He had such a beautiful smile. My husband's smile. I say to my husband, 'Could you please smile so I can see my son's face?'"

-Linda Faulstich
talking of her 24 year old son, Private First Class Raymond J. Faulstich Jr., who was killed in Iraq on 5 August 2004 when his convoy was attacked by small-arms fire and rocket-propelled grenades in Najaf, Iraq. US causalities in Iraq will most likely reach 1000 before the end of September.

Editorial Team | Top

• Luke Brothers
• David Krieger
• Carah Ong