In spite of significant reductions in the number of nuclear warheads held by the U.S. and Russia from 1990 onwards, both countries maintain thousands of warheads on 'launch on warning' and 'hair-trigger" alert status to this day and will continue to do so, in spite of the Moscow Treaty, through 2012.
A recent report by the RAND corporation reported that the 4,000 U.S. and Russian strategic nuclear warheads on hair-trigger alert could be launched in a few minutes notice destroying both countries in an hour.
A number of terrifying 'near misses' to nuclear war have taken place, both during and after the end of the Cold War, in which the fate of civilization has depended on correct decision-making by highly stressed military personnel or on presidents whose sobriety has sometimes been questionable.
Moreover, the nuclear danger has accelerated with the acquisition of nuclear weapons by India and Pakistan, and the evolution of centralized command and control systems in those countries. The subcontinent is moving toward a highly dangerous 'hair trigger' status.
Taking nuclear weapons systems off hair-trigger alert has been called for repeatedly by the European Parliament, the UN General Assembly, and was a key recommendation of the Canberra Commission in 1996, and of the Atlanta Consultation, chaired by President Carter in January of 2005.
Removing strategic nuclear weapons from launch on warning status is seen by the Canberra Commission and the Atlanta Consultation as a first step toward the elimination of nuclear arsenals worldwide, as required by article VI of the NPT. The issue of removing nuclear weapons from "hair-trigger" alert underlines the necessity of ceasing to play Russian (or American, or Indian or Pakistani) roulette with the entire world.
Our Statement calling for the elimination of hair-trigger policy will be released in Melbourne, Geneva, Hiroshima, San Francisco, New York (at the UN), and London on April 5th.
This project was initiated from the World Citizen Award presented to Stanislav Petrov in Moscow on 21 May 2004 by the Association of World Citizens. Petrov is credited by many arms experts as probably saving the world from nuclear war though his singular decision when in charge of an early-warning bunker outside of Moscow on September 26, 1983, when the system indicated the Soviet Union was under a missile attack by the United States.
Statement of Endorsement
For the resolutions "Operational Status of Nuclear Weapons"
The Distinguished individuals and organizations below make the following appeal concerning nuclear weapons, and the danger posed by the maintenance of thousands of nuclear warheads and delivery systems on launch-on-warning status.
We call on the governments of the United States, Russia, China, France, and the UK, India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea, to support and implement steps to lower the operational status of nuclear weapon systems in order to reduce the risk of nuclear catastrophe and as part of their obligations, affirmed by the International Court of Justice, to achieve the elimination of nuclear weapons under strict and effective international control.
We note that:
1) To this day, thousands of nuclear weapons in the US and Russia are on Launch-on-warning status, and that the megatonnage involved remains more than enough to destroy civilization and perhaps the human race.
2) That the Indian subcontinent is increasingly on a 'hair-trigger' status.
3) That there have been numerous incidents in which a nuclear exchange involving thousands of warheads could have taken place, and in which the fate of the earth has depended on the correct judgment of a single individual.
4) That the US, Russia, China, France, and the UK have failed so far to make further progress to achieve the total and unequivocal elimination of their nuclear arsenals, as called for under international law.
5) That, in addition to the failure of the 'official' nuclear weapons powers to fulfill their treaty obligations, India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea also posses nuclear weapons, and that the risk of their use is very real.
6) That a number of calls have been made by the UN General Assembly and by the European Parliament to lower the operational status of nuclear weapons.
Accordingly we call on the governments of the United States, Russia, China, France and the UK, India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea, to:
a) Take immediate steps to lower the operational status of nuclear weapons, and to revise nuclear doctrines, policies and postures to reflect such lowered operational status.
b) To implement in good faith their obligations under international law, to accomplish the total and unequivocal elimination of their nuclear arsenals.
c) To implement the steps toward nuclear disarmament outlined in the '13 steps' of the final declaration of the Year 2000 NPT Review Conference.
d) We call on non- nuclear nations to press for nuclear disarmament in every available international forum especially including the United Nations General Assembly First Committee and the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.
e) We call on legislators worldwide to pass resolutions in national and other parliaments pressing for the lowering of the operational status of nuclear weapons and for nuclear disarmament as mandated by international law.
We draw the attention of legislators and diplomats to the two texts below:
i) A model for a resolution in the UN General Assembly calling for the lowering of the operational status of nuclear weapons (Note that in the process of getting it through the GA First Committee it may experience some alterations in text)
ii) Motion passed by the Australian Senate congratulating Colonel Stanislav Petrov on preventing nuclear war during the Serpukhov 15 incident of Sept 26 1983, and calling for the lowering of the operational status of nuclear weapons.
You are invited to endorse the statement above calling for the lowering of the operational status of nuclear weapons systems, and to give your support to measures such as the texts below.
Operational Status of Nuclear Weapons
Addressed to the United Nations General Assembly, the Non Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, and to all nuclear weapons states
Convinced that the possible use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to humanity and to the survival of civilization,
Convinced also that the maintenance of nuclear weapons systems at a high level of readiness-to-use increases the risks of unintentional or accidental use of such weapons which would have catastrophic consequences,
Noting that a high level of nuclear weapons readiness-to-use has contributed to a number of circumstances when nuclear weapons have become very close to being used,
Welcoming steps taken by States possessing nuclear weapons to reduce nuclear risks and prevent nuclear war,
Welcoming particularly the agreement by Russia and the United States of America on the Establishment of the Joint Centre for the Exchange of Data from Early Warning Systems and Notification of Missile Launches, but noting that the agreement has not yet been implemented,
Considering that, until nuclear weapons are eliminated, it is imperative that further steps be taken to prevent the accidental, unauthorized or unintentional use of nuclear weapons, Expressing its deep concern that thousands of strategic warheads remain on Launch-On-Warning status,
Expressing its concern also about emerging approaches to the broader role of nuclear weapons as part of security strategies, including rationalizations for the use, and the possible development, of new types of nuclear weapons,
Recalling the program of action agreed at the 2000 Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, which called for concrete agreed measures to further reduce the operational status of nuclear weapons systems
Recalling resolutions [specify resolution numbers] on the floor of this assembly have called for reductions in the operational status of nuclear weapons,
Mindful that concrete steps to reduce the operational status of nuclear weapons systems will help reduce tensions, build confidence and support negotiations leading to the elimination of nuclear weapons,
1. Calls for a review of nuclear doctrines emphasizing concrete steps to reduce the operational status of nuclear weapons,
2. Encourages States to immediately implement unilateral steps including, inter alia, the rescinding of launch-on-warning policies, and to urgently conclude negotiated steps, pending agreements for the complete elimination of nuclear weapons,
3. Calls on all States possessing nuclear weapons to undertake not to increase the number or types of weapons deployed and not to develop new types of weapons or rationalizations for their use,
4. Calls for further confidence building and transparency measures to reduce the threats posed by nuclear weapons,
5. Requests States possessing nuclear weapons to report to the 60th session on steps they have taken to implement this resolution
6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its 60th session the item entitled "Operational status of nuclear weapons."
The following is a list of the individuals and organizations that signed
the Statement of Endorsement
(32 Nobel Laureates, 237 organizations from 40 countries, and 53 members of parliament)
Nobel Laureates
Dr. Alexei Abrikosov - Physics 2003
Dr. Kenneth Arrow - Economics 1972
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo - Peace 1996
Dr. Baruj Benacerraf - Medicine 1980
Dr. Guenter Blobel - Medicine 1999
Mairead Corrigan Maguire - Peace 1976
Johann Deisenhofer - Chemistry 1988
Dr. Peter C. Doherty - Medicine 1996
Dr. R.R. Ernst - Chemistry 1991
Dr. John B. Fenn - Chemistry 2002
Dr. Edmond H. Fischer - Medicine 1992
Dr. Val L. Fitch - Physics 1980
Dr. Roger Guillemin - Medicine 1977
Dr. Herbert A. Hauptman - Chemistry 1985
Dr. Dudley Herschbach - Chemistry 1986
Dr. Roald Hoffman - Chemistry 1981
Jose Ramos-Horta - Peace 1996
David H. Hubel - Medicine 1981
Dr. Arthur Kornberg - Medicine 1959
Dr. Paul C. Lauterbur - Medicine 2003
Dr. Leon M. Lederman - Physics 1988
Dr. Jean-Marie Lehn - Chemistry 1987
Dr. Mario Molina - Chemistry 1995
Dr. Ferid Murad - Medicine 1998
Dr. Joseph Rotblat - Peace 1995
Oscar Arias Sanchez - Peace 1987
Dr. Frederick Sanger - Chemistry 1958; 1980
Dr. Jack Steinberger - Physics 1998
Dr. E. Donnall Thomas - Medicine 1990
Archbishop Desmond Tutu - Peace 1984
Betty Williams - Peace 1976
The Dalai Lama - Peace 1989
Other distinguished Persons:
Maestro Mstislav Rostropovich
Dr. Robert Muller (Former UN Assistant Secretary General)
Edgar Mitchell (Astronaut)
Benjamin Ferencz, (Prosecutor at the Nuremburg War Crimes Trials)
Prof Saul Mendlovitz, Dag Hammarskjold Professor, Rutgers Law School
Sir Arthur C. Clarke, author
International Organizations:
Tadatoshi Akiba, mayor of Hiroshima, president of Mayors for Peace, 750 mayors in 110 countries
Ronald Mc Coy President, John Loretz, Program Director, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) (Nobel Prize)
Emma Mc Gregor-Mento, Abolition-2000
Cora Weiss, Hague Appeal for Peace (HAP)
Colin Archer, Secy - General, International Peace Bureau, Geneva (Nobel
Prize)
Selma Brackman, President, War and Peace Foundation, NY,
Alyn Ware, International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms,
Nicky Davies, Greenpeace International, Amsterdam,
Susi Snyder, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
(WILPF), Director, United Nations Office- NY
Bruce Gagnon, Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in
Space, Brunswick, ME, USA
Vijay Mehta, Chair, World Disarmament Campaign, London, Charles Mercieca, International Association of Educators for World Peace (IAEWP) Huntsville Ala, USA
Pol D'Huyvetter, For Mother Earth International, Ghent, Belgium
James K. Galbraith, Kate Cell, Director, Lucy Webster, UN Observer, Economists for Peace and Security (formerly Economists Allied for Arms Reduction/ (ECAAR))
Lucy Law Webster, Institute for Global Policy
Rev. Vernon C. Nickols, UN Observer/NGO Rep, Nuclear Age Peace
Foundation
Douglas Mattern, President, Association of World Citizens
Yumi Kikuchi, founder, Global Peace Campaign
Peer de Rijk, World Information Service on Energy (WISE) Amsterdam
David Mumford, International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR), Alkmaar, Neth.
Penny McManigal, The Millionth Circle, USA
Mary T. Legge SSJ, DPI/NGO at UN for Congregations of St Joseph
Bruce K. Gagnon Coordinator, Global Network Against Weapons & Nuclear Power in Space, Brunswick, ME
David Schweitzer, Schweitzer Institute
U.S. Organizations:
Helen Caldicott, (founder PSR, WAND) President, Nuclear Policy Research Institute, Wash DC
Alice Slater, Global Resource and Action Centre for the Environment, NY
Martin Butcher, PSR, Washington DC
Bruce Blair, President, Centre for Defense Information, Washington, (identification only)
Jonathan Granoff, President, Global Security Institute, (pers capy)
David Krieger, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, Santa Barbara, California
Rev. Vernon C. Nichols, UN-NGO Rep, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation
Pamela S. Meidell, Atomic Mirror, Port Hueneme, California, USA
David Robinson, Pax Christi USA, Erie, PA
Peggy L. Shriver, Fmr Asst. General Secy, National Council of Churches, NY
Donald W. Shriver, Union Theological Seminary, NY
Rev. William J. Morton, SSC, Columbian Mission Office, US/Mexico Border, El Paso, Texas, USA
Bernice Fisher, Peninsula WILPF, Palo Alto California
Bill Smirnow, Nuclear- Free New York
Donald Keesing, Voices Opposed to Environmental Racism, Wash DC
Lorraine Krofchok, Grandmothers for Peace International, Elk Grove, Calif.
Vina Colley, PRESS, Ohio
Bruce A. Drew, Prairie Island Coalition, Mn, USA
George Crocker, N. American Water office, Lake Elmo, Mn, USA
Daniel Ellsberg, Truth-Telling Project, (Fmr. RAND consultant to White House on Nuclear C3I)
Kathy Kelly, Coordinator, Voices in the Wilderness, Chicago Ill
Patricia J. Ameno, Chair, Citizens Action for a Safe Environment, Penn
Francis Chiappa, President, Cleveland Peace Action
John Laforge, Nukewatch, WI, USA
Andrew Hund, Alaska/Arctic Environmental Defense Fund
Coleen Marshall Secy, Sheldon Nidle, Founder, Planetary Activation Organization, Hawaii
Marsha Joyner, President, Hawaiian National Communications Corporation, Honolulu, Hawaii
Paul Ehrlich, President, Centre of Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, Caliph
Irving Solberg, President, Caucus of Connecticut Democrats
Irving Solberg, President, Connecticut Division, United Nations Association
Barbara Murphy-Warrington, CARE-USA, Atlanta, Georgia
Alanna Hartzog, Co-Director, Earth Rights Institute, PA
Beth A. Pirolli, Director, Families United for a Safe Environment (FUSE)
Carolyn Vigneri, Nebraskans for Peace, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Glen Carroll, Georgians Against Nuclear Energy, Atlanta, GA, USA
Robert Gould MD, Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) San Francisco Bay Area, Berkley, Calif
Samuel S. Epstien MD, Chair, Cancer Prevention Coalition, Chicago, Ill
Dr Kathleen Sullivan, Nuclear Weapons Education and Action Project, NY
Terri Swearingen (1997 Goldman Prize) Tri-State Environmental Council, WV
Bill Towe, North Carolina Peace Action, NC, USA
Medea Benjamin, Co-Founder, Global Exchange
Jennifer O. Viereck, Director HOME: Healing Ourselves & Mother Earth, Tecopa, CA
Bob Kinsey, Colorado Coalition for the Prevention of Nuclear War
Kevin Martin Executive Director Peace Action and Peace Action Education Fund, MD
Bob Alpern, Coordinator, Action for Nuclear Disarmament, Sonoma County, CA
Preston J. Truman, Downwinders, Malad, Idaho
Congressman Dennnis Kucinich, Ohio
Canadian Organizations
Debbie Grisdale President/Steven Starr, Physicians for Global Responsibility, (PGS)
Rosalie Bertell, President Emeritus, International Institute for Concern for Public Health, Toronto, Ont
Roy and Anne Morris, Salmon Arm Kairos Group, BC, Canada
Gordon Edwards PhD, President, Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility (CCNR)
Desmond Berghofer, Co-Founder, Institute for Ethical Leadership, Vancouver Canada
Metta Spencer, Editor, Peace Magazine, Toronto, Ont
Libby Davies MP, Vancouver East, Canada
Bill Blaikie MP, Elmwood-Transcona (NDP), Canada
Douglas Roche, Senator Emeritus, Fmr Disarmament Ambassador, Canada
UK Organizations
George Farebrother, World Court Project, London, UK
Vijay Mehta, CND London
Jenny Maxwell, West Midlands Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Birmingham, UK
Reuben Ralph Say, Woking Action for Peace/CND, Woking, Surrey, UK
Caroline Gilbert, Patricia Pulham, Michael Pulham, Christian Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CCND)
Jill Stallard National Secy, CND Cymru, Nantagredig, Cynghordy, Llanymddyfri, Wales, UK
Dr David Lowry, Fmr Director, European Proliferation Information Centre (EPIC), Lond
Di Mc Donald, Nuclear Information Service, (NIS) Southampton, UK
Ken Coates, Chair, Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation
Angie Zelter, Trident Ploughshares UK
Richard Bramhall, Low-Level Radiation Campaign, Llandridod, Powys, UK
Lindis Percy/Anni Rainbow, CAAB, Yorks, UK, David Bowe, MEP
Dr Caroline Lucas MEP, Green Member of the European Parliament for S.E. England
Alan Simpson MP
David Chaytor MP, Member for Bury North
Frank Cook MP, Westminster
Llew Smith MP, Blaenau, Gwent, Wales
John Mc Donnel MP, Labour, Hayes and Harlington, Middlesex
Harry Cohen MP, House of Commons, UK
John Austin MP, Labour, Erith and Thamesmead, UK
Baroness Susan Miller, House of Lords, Lond
Russian Organizations
Vladimir Sliviak, Co-Chair, Ecodefense, Moscow
Professor Alexey Yablokov, President, Centre for Russian Environmental Policy, Moscow
Andrei Laletin, Chairman, Friends of the Siberian Forests, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Jennie Sutton, Baikal Environmental Wave
Victor Khazan, Friends of the Earth Ukraine, Dneipropetrovsk, Ukr
Sergei Kolesnikov, Duma Member, Deputy Chair, Cttee on Education and Science, Moscow
Sergei Kolesnikov, IPPNW-Russia
Indian Organizations
Achin Vanaik, Admiral L. Ramdas, Lalita Ramdas, Coalition for Nuclear Disarmament and Peace (CNDP), India New Delhi
Admiral L. Ramdas, India-Pakistan Soldiers Initiative for Peace, Raigad Dist, Maharashtra
Hari Sharma, President, International South Asia Forum
Sukla Sen, EKTA, Mumbai, India
Mahipal Singh, Peoples Union for Civil Liberties, New Delhi
Imrana Quadeer, Centre for Community Health and Social Medicine, JNU, New Delhi
Harsh Kapoor, (India/France) South Asians Against Nukes
Jayanti Patel, Indian Radical Humanist Association, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Kirity Roy, Secy, MASUM, Howrah, W. Bengal
Swami Manavatavadi, International School of Humanitarian Thoughts and Practice, Rajghat, Kurukshetra, Haryana
Aruna Roy, Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS), Rajasthan, The National Campaign for the Peoples Right to Information (NCPRI) Rajasthan, India
Mahi Pal Singh, Treasurer, People's Union for Civil Liberties-Delhi
Ammu Abraham, Womens Centre, Mumbai
Meenakshi Gopinath, Women in Security, Conflict Management and Peace (An initiative of the Foundation for Universal Responsibility of HH The Dalai Lama), New Delhi
Pakistani Organizations
Pirzada Imtiaz Syed, Secy, All-Pakistan Federation of United Trade Unions (APFUTU), Gujrat, Pakistan
AH Nayyar, President, Pakistan Peace Coalition
Dr. Mubashir Hasan, (Fmr. finance minister) Campaigner for Human Rights and India-Pakistan Friendship, Pakistan-India Forum for Peace and Democracy
Prof. M. Ismail, Director, RISE, Peshawar, Pakistan
New Zealand Organizations
Commander Robert Green, Disarmament and Security Centre, Christchurch, NZ
Alyn Ware, Peace Foundation, Wellington, NZ
Marion Hancock, Wendy John, Aotearoa/NZ Peace Foundation, Auckland NZ
Christine Lesley, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Wellington, NZ
R.E. White, Director, Centre for Peace Studies, University of Auckland, NZ
Peter Low, Quaker Peace and Service, NZ
Jonathan Hunt MP, Speaker, NZ Parliament
Keith Locke MP, Greens, NZ
Rod Donald MP, Co-Leader, Greens, NZ
Gordon Copeland MP, United Future Party
Tim Barnett MP, Labor, Christchurch Central Electorate, Christchurch NZ
Australian Organizations
Sue Wareham, President, Medical Association for the Prevention of War (MAPW)
Margaret Reynolds, President, United Nations Association of Australia (UNAA)
Jo Vallentine, People for Nuclear Disarmament W.A.
David Sweeney, Nuclear Campaigner, Australian Conservation Foundation, Carlton, Vic
Peter Robertson Environment Centre of the Northern Territory (ECNT) Darwin, NT
Gar Smith, Environmentalists Against War
Dr Stella Cornelius, Director, Conflict Resolution Network, Chatswood NSW
Ned Iceton, Co-Convenor, Social Development Network, Armidale NSW
Peter Burton, Peace Partners, Toowoomba, Qld
Dr Mark Zirnsak, Director, Justice and International Mission, Synod of Victoria and Tasmania, Uniting Church in Australia
Rev Sue Gorman, Moderator, Synod of Victoria and Tasmania, Uniting Church in Australia
Keith Russel, Religious Society of Friends, ACT
Senator Kerry Nettle, Greens, NSW
Senator Lyn Alison, Australian Democrats Vic
Senator Andrew Bartlett, Australian Democrats Qld
Senator Aden Ridgeway, Australian Democrats NSW
Senator Natasha Stott-Despoja, Australian Democrats SA
Senator Brian Grieg, Australian Democrats WA
Terry Roberts MP, SA
Carmen Lawrence MHR, President, Labor Party, Jill Hall MHR
Warren Snowden MHR, ALP Member for Lingiari NT
Alan Griffin MHR, ALP Member for Bruce, Melb
Jann Mc Farlane MHR, ALP Member for Stirling, W.A.
Tanya Plibersek MHR, ALP Member for Sydney, NSW
Dee Margetts MLC (Greens), W.A.
Giz Watson, Greens, W.A.
Ian Cohen MLC (Greens) NSW
Kerrie Tucker MLA, Greens ACT
Swedish Organizations
Agneta Norberg/Bo Wirmark, Chair, Swedish Peace Council
Stefan Bjornsson, President, Swedish Scientists and Engineers Against Nuclear Arms (SEANA), Stockholm
Gunnar Westberg, President, SLMK (IPPNW Sweden), Goteborg, Sweden
Anders Ygeman MP, Stockholm
Danish Organizations
Poul Eck Sorensen, Peace Movement of Esbjerg
Poul Eck Sorensen, Peace Council of Denmark
Holger Terp/John Avery, Danish Peace Academy
John Avery, Pugwash Conference Denmark
Finnish Organizations
Teemu Matinpuro, Director, Finnish Peace Committee, Helsinki, Finland
Lea Launokari, Women for Peace Finland
Ulla Kotzer, Women Against Nuclear Power Finland
Heidi Hautala MP Greens
Kimmo Kiljunen MP, Social Democrats, Finland
German Organizations
Eva Quistorp, Women for Peace, Germany
Henning Droege, Arzt fur Allgemeinmedizin, Homoopathie, Naturheilverfahren, Allgau, Germany
Wolfgang Schlupp-Hauck, Friedens-und Begegnungsstaette Mutlangen eV, Germany
Bernd Frieboese, Barsebackoffensiv (Pers capy)
Rienhard Voss, Pax Christi Germany, Franfurt Am Main
Dr Anne Brie MEP PDS
Uta Zapf, MP, Chair, Bundestag Committee on Arms Control, Disarmament and Nonproliferation
Belgian Organizations
Hans Lammerant, Forum Voor Vredesaktie, Belgium
Zoe Genot MP, Greens, Belgium
Eloi Glorieux MP, Greens, Flemish Regional Parliament, Belgium
Muriel Gerkens MP, Greens, Brussels
Senator Patrick Vankrunkelsven, Brussels, Belgium
Marie Isler-Beguin, MEP
Edith Klein, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
Netherlands Organizations
Harry Van Bommel MP, Netherlands
Joost Lagendijk, Member of European Parliament, GroenLinks, Netherlands
Fiona Dove, Director, Transnational Institute, Netherlands
Carolien Van de Stadt, WILPF-Netherlands
French Organizations
Dominique Lalanne, Co-Chair, Stop Essais, France
Bruno Barrilot, Director, Observatoire des Armes Nucleaires Francaises, Lyons, France
Jean-Marie Matagne, Action des Citoyens pour le Desarmement Nucleaire (ACDN) Saintes, France
Luisa Morgantini MEP, Italy/Brussells
Folena Pietro, MP Italy, Foreign Affairs Commission, Democrats of the Left (DS) - Olive Tree Coalition
Hallgeir H. Langeland MP, Norway
Bent Natvig, Chair, Norwegian Pugwash Committee, Oslo, Norway
Czech Peace Society, Prague, Czech Rep,
Romanian Organizations
Constantin Cretu, Romanian Social Forum, Bucharest, Romania
Constantin Cretu, 'Carpathians Genius' Bucharest, Romania
Aurel Duta, For Mother Earth, Bucharest, Romania
Manana Kochladze, 'Green Alternative', Tblisi, Georgia
Japanese Organizations
Atsushi Fujioka, Kyoto Museum for World Peace, Kyoto, Japan
Hideyuki-Ban, Secy-General, Citizens Nuclear Information Centre (CNIC) Tokyo, Japan
Yayoi Tsuchida, International Secretary, Gensuikyo, (Japan Council Against A and H Bombs)
Shigetoshi Iwamatsu, Chair, Gensuikin, (Japan Congress Against A and H Bombs)
Wen Bo, Pacific Environment, Beijing, China
Kim Choony, Korean Federation for Environmental Movement, (KFEM)
Prof Samsung Lee, Political Science, Hallym University
Mexican Organizations
Efraim Cruz Marin, President, Academicos de Ciencias y Humanidades, Mexico
Noni Fernandez, Mexican Initiative Against War, Chiapas, Colonia Roma
Luis Guttierez Esparza, President, Latin-American Circle for International Studies (LACIS), Mexico City
Grace de Haro, APDH, Rio Negro, Argentina
Brazilian Organizations
Dina Lida Kinoshita, Unesca Catedra for Education for Peace, Human Rights, Democracy and Tolerance, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Senator Roberto Saturnino, Brazilian Federal Senate, (for Rio de Janeiro)
Philippine Organizations
Roy Cabonegro, YSDA-Pilipinas, Quezon City, Philippines
Clemente G. Bautista, Kalikasan, (Peoples Network for the Environment) Philippines
Soodhakur Ramlallah Secy Mauritius Union of Journalists Port Louis Mauritius
Malaysian Organizations
Bishan Singh, SUSDEN, Malaysia
Dato Haji Mustapha Ma, Secy, IFNGO, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Other Countries
Lonngena Ginting, WALHI/Friends of the Earth Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Saranjan Kodithuwakku, Green Movement of Sri Lanka, Nugegoa, Sri Lanka
Maria D. Watondoha MP, Tanzanian National Assembly, Dodoma, Tanzania
Edward Appiah-Brafoh, Green Earth Organisation, Accra, Ghana
Dr. Araf Marei, Vice President, Egyptian Association for Community Participation, Cairo, Egypt
Dr Akram Alhamdani, President, Green Party of Iraq, Baghdad
Ayman Jallad, Humanitarian Group for Social Development, Beirut, Lebanon
Mabrouk Boudaga, Arab Young Lawyers Association, Tunis, Tunisia
